英國的矯正攝影國家標準截取自 mobile01

針對矯正醫師的攝影需求
在2008年二月(2008 feb)英國的IMI(Institute of Medical Illustrators)剛發表了orthodontic photography的national guideline(翻譯一下：英國的矯正攝影國家標準)網站網址是
http://www.imi.org.uk/index.asp他的guideline是PDF檔
http://www.imi.org.uk/guidelines/IMINatGuidelinesOrthodonticPhotography.pdf裡頭部分節錄Cameras
For all routine dental photography, all camera equipment in this guide is based around a full sensor CCD, together with a macro lens with a focal length of around 100m m .
This combination will ensure the correct perspective, as well as a convenient working distance, is maintained for both the facial and intra-oral views. It is essential that the lens be capable of producing magnifications of up to 1:1. For optimum depth of field, the lens must have a minimum working aperture of at least f22.

Lighting
Studio electronic flash is recommended for photographing a patient’s facial and head and neck views. Output with either reflectors or umbrellas should be capable of producing sufficient light for an aperture of at least f16. Ideally, lights should be suspended on a Hi-glide system to allow ease of use and a safe working environment for photographer and patient.
Intra-oral photography requires the use of a portable electronic flash unit. For most purposes, a specialised ring flash provides even lighting and with some units, a degree of modelling can be achieved by positioning the flash unit.
It is best that the ring flash is attached firmly to the camera lens, providing ease of use and standardised illumination. The ring-flash must be capable of producing sufficient light for an aperture of at least f22 to maximise depth of field.簡單翻譯
對相機的要求
以全幅機來說，需要100mm左右的micro鏡頭(APS-C應該在70mm左右，4/3在50mm左右)，可以確保透視度跟工作距離，口內口外都可以照，也可以確保放大率在1:1，為了有足夠的景深，最小光圈要能設定到F22(比美國規定還嚴，美國是F16)對閃光的要求
口外照時，棚閃用來照口外最好，能照出頭跟脖子，利用反射傘或反光板把光圈控制在至少F16(真難，我完全做不到)，最好用柔光照，保護病人跟自己
口內照時，閃燈要用可移動式的(外國人把我們一般的閃燈稱為portable flash，棚燈稱為Studio flash.......應該是顛倒，畢竟攝影是外國人發明的，這裡並沒指出非用還閃不可)，可調角度的環閃(應該是指雙閃型的)會更好
環閃最好能裝在鏡頭上以提供最好的照度，最好能提供足夠讓相機把光圈設在F22來增加足夠的景深